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| c. 1950 |
| | Soweto begins to be built outside Johannesburg to segregate the city's black labour force | |
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| 1953 |
| | South African author Nadine Gordimer publishes her first novel, The Lying Days | |
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| 1958 |
| | Hendrik Verwoerd become prime minister of South Africa on the death of J.G. Strijdom | |
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| 1959 |
| | The Transkei becomes the first African homeland, or Bantustan, within South Africa | |
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| 1960 |
| | UK prime minister Harold Macmillan, in Cape Town, warns the white settlers of Africa that 'the wind of change' is blowing through their continent | |
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| 1960 |
| | South African police fire on a crowd in Sharpeville, near Johannesburg, killing more than sixty people | |
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| 1960 |
| | Madagascar becomes independent (under the name Malagasy republic from till 1975), with Philibert Tsiranana as president | |
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| 1960 |
| | Nelson Mandela leads a new armed section of the ANC (African National Congress), formed in response to Sharpeville | |
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| 1960 |
| | Albert Luthuli, president of the ANC in South Africa, is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize | |
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| 1961 |
| | Commonwealth opposition to apartheid causes South Africa to leave the organization and become a republic | |
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